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Okay, so think of a movie you've seen that you really enjoyed for most of the way through ... and then the kinda boring or cliche ending lost you. Do you want to invite that movie to hang out at your college for the next few years? Probably not.

Three mistakes we see students make when it comes to ending their personal statement include thinking that you:

1. Should just restate the thesis (because English class)

2. Have to have a great ending in mind before you start

3. Shouldn't worry much because the ending isn't all that important

But we're here to tell you that:

1. Yeah, probably don't restate your thesis—in fact, many great personal statements don't even have an explicit thesis.

2. You can write a great ending even after you've written the rest of your essay.

3. A great conclusion can be an essay-maker. It can take your personal statement from "pretty good" to "wow."

This module will show you how.

(I heart accidental rhymes.)

So let's. Talk. Endings.

By the way: I'm using the term "we" instead of "I" here because I co-wrote this piece with my long-time friend, Andy Simpson. He has 15+ years experience guiding students on essays and, like me, geeks out on this stuff.

A great personal statement ending answers the question "So what?" or "Why does this matter?"

But how do you do it?

First, how not to do it.

3 Ways to Maybe Not End Your Essay

1. Don't just repeat or restate your thesis. We know, your teacher told you to (ours did too). And it might not be a bad idea for the conclusion to your AP US History or AP English Lang/Lit paper (although even there, maybe change the phrasing a little). But probably don't do this on your personal statement. It can feel repetitive, or basic. And you are not basic.

2. Don't end with a cheesy quote or something that anyone else could have written. We're talking about quotes like, "Be the change that you wish to see in the world," or phrases like, "I learned that everything happens for a reason," or "I learned that I too can make a difference." And if you've written a draft already, take a quick look at your last lines. Could someone else have written them? If so, a) we're glad you're here, and b) delete them and keep reading.

3. Be careful not to refer to things that you haven't really shown earlier in the essay. Sometimes we'll read essays that end with something like, "I'm grateful for all the lessons these experiences have taught me ...," but we don't really know what those lessons are because the author didn't tell us in the essay. If you refer to all the hard work you're proud you did, for example, show us the hard work earlier in the essay.

What goes into a great ending?

The Two Essential Qualities of an Outstanding Ending

A great ending often has two qualities: surprise and inevitability. H/T Aristotle

Think about a great film ending—usually you feel some combination of "Woah, I totally didn't see that coming," and "Ah, right, it probably had to end like that."

We're talking about The Sixth Sense, Inception, or Titanic. And totally j/k re: Titanic because that was a TERRIBLE ending—both Jack and Rose could've totally fit on that door. The boat sinking was a shocker, though, right?

Does every great movie have both those qualities? No. And must you have both those qualities to get into a great college? No. But these are two good qualities to keep in mind as you read this post and write your essay.

10 TACTICS, STRATEGIES, AND TECHNIQUES FOR MAKING YOUR ENDING STAND OUT

We'll split this list into three categories:

1. Tactics: Things you can do once you're pretty much done, or if you aren't willing to rewrite your essay much.

2. Strategies: Things that, to make work, you kinda' either have to have planned out ahead of time or be willing to rewrite some stuff.

3. Techniques: Small things you can do or apply to the tactics and strategies.

Important note: Not every personal statement ending will fit into these categories; they are just some ideas you can try based on some approaches we've seen work well for other students.

A. TACTICS

(small changes that requires less planning ahead):

This one is one of the easiest. It basically works like this: Look back through your essay and ask yourself, "What values am I showing?"

Then don't name those values too much in the body of your essay, but do name them explicitly in your conclusion.

Here's an example (note the values in bold):

"Upon reflection, I found that my answer didn’t exist in books or research, but somewhere very close from the beginning—my intuition. In other words, I didn’t need an elaborate and intricate reason to prove to myself that health is an inalienable right for every human being—I needed self-reflection.

So I ask again, “Does every life matter?” Yes. “Do I have solid, written proof?” No.

Paul Farmer once said, “The thing about rights is that in the end you can’t prove what is a right.” To me, global health is not merely a study. It’s an attitude—a lens I use to look at the world—and it’s a statement about my commitment to health as a fundamental quality of liberty and equity.”

• To read the entire Does Every Life Matter essay, click here.

Why This Ending Works

If you read the entire essay (at link above), you'll see the author touches on a few different themes in his essay—heritage, community, moral behavior, etc.—but he doesn't make them super explicit until the end. Once he names them at the end, we (as readers) go, "Ah, that's what we thought you were talking about."

Ending with values is also a pretty good idea because a) it shows your ability to self-reflect, and b) highlights some qualities that, oh, by the way, will be useful in college and beyond.

Heads-up that this doesn't work quite as well if you've already clearly named the values earlier in the essay—in fact, it can feel repetitive. So, if you're trying this approach, a) make sure you didn't already explicitly name the values earlier and, if you did, b) delete or rephrase those parts of your essay so that when you name the values at the end, it won't feel as repetitive.

And by the way—did you notice how the whole paragraph above felt repetitive? That's because, if you were reading carefully, we already wrote before the example, "Then don't name those values too much in the body of your essay, but do name them explicitly in your conclusion." So, to edit, we should cut that sentence (and that's what we'd have you do in your essay).

You’ll find another example of this type of ending in the Makeup essay (check out the mentions of “scientific inquiry,” “voice,” “connect me with others,” and more in those last lines).

Bookending involves referring to something you've set up earlier in the essay. It's something comedians do a lot and refer to as a "callback." For a few examples, check out How Dave Chappelle Delivers a Callback starting at 1:05. (Trigger warning: There's some adult language in that video. If you prefer, here's the Wikipedia link) explaining the same concept.)

Here's an example of a callback in a personal statement:

The essay begins ...

"I have been pooped on many times. I mean this in the most literal sense possible. I have been pooped on by pigeons and possums, house finches and hawks, egrets and eastern grays. "

And the essay ends ...

"The upshot is that I simply cannot walk away from injustice, however uncomfortable it is to confront it. I choose to act, taking a stand and exposing the truth in the most effective manner that I think is possible. And while I'm sure I will be dumped on many times, both literally and metaphorically, I won't do the same to others."

• To read the entire "Poop, Animals, and the Environment" essay, click here.

What We Like about This Ending/Why It Works

This one is great because, on the one hand, the ending catches the reader by surprise (we didn't see that coming!). But it also feels inevitable (because she's calling back to something she set up at the start). That's that surprise + inevitability we mentioned a minute ago. (Thanks, Aristotle.)

One thing that's cool about this tactic is that you can do this once the rest of your essay is already written. And, if you do it well, it'll feel like you planned it all along.

If you'd like one more example, check out the Endodontics essay, whose author was pretty much done but still felt like the ending was missing something. So he went back, added the detail about "mineral white or diamond white" near the beginning, then wrote a last line that linked back to it. And yet when you read it you get the sense he'd planned his ending from the beginning.

Quick note: While you shouldn't feel like you have to use humor, the cleverness in the endings of both the "Poop" and "Endodontics" essays mentioned above do leave a nice last impression.

There's something beautiful and inspiring about an open road. The sense of potential and possibility it offers. The invitation it makes.

So it can be nice to end an essay with language that feels like an open road—that ends with a sense of exploration and, maybe, a little excitement.

Here's an example from a personal statement:

"I see a reflection of myself in the divide at the 38th parallel because I see one part isolating itself in defense to outside threats, and another part coming out to face the world as one of the fastest-developing nations. Just as my shy persona before debate and extroverted character after debate are both part of who I am, the Korean civilization is also one. And just as my parents expect much from me, the first of my family to attend college, I have grand expectations for this field of study."

• To read the entire "With Debate" essay, click here.

What We Like about This Ending/Why It Works

This conclusion opens with a nice metaphor, demonstrating both the author's ability to think creatively and generate insight. It also reminds us of the growth we've seen the author go through over the course of the essay. Finally, this conclusion leaves us with a nice combo of purpose and potential—and in my experience, when an admission reader senses they may be able to help someone realize their potential, they're usually pretty excited to do that.

Who This Might Work Well for: Students Who Have Faced Challenges

If you've worked through significant challenges in your life, this ending might work especially well for you. Here's an example:

"I know I'm not like many students my age, but I'm happy with who I am. I am the student who works on the weekends scrubbing restrooms, carrying trash bags and mopping kitchen floors. I am the student who won't give a second thought to missing a party to help my parents babysit my sisters or accompany them to a new job. I know that one day I will not take my family to a bowling alley to clean it but to enjoy it. And who knows maybe one day I will learn to bowl."

• To read the entire "Bowling" essay, click here.

What We Like about This Ending/Why It Works

This author answers "so what" by sharing how her experiences have shaped her values and sense of self. The details here, in conjunction with those in the body, give us a sense of the strong character she's developed. And the hope and vulnerability of the final lines make us as readers hope for the same things for her.

But this is important: Please don't think you need to force this—don't build a hopeful tone at the end simply because you think that's what your reader wants. Do so if it reflects your experience.

Some Next-Level Stuff: How to Combine Ending Techniques

You may notice that, by mentioning bowling at the end, this author is also using the "Bookend/Callback" technique.

Here are two other great examples written by first-gen students who faced challenges and who also combined the "Road Forward" with the "Bookend/Callback" techniques:

• Adrian's Personal Statement

• The Little Porch and a Dog

This can make for a doubly satisfying ending because (again) it creates both surprise and inevitability.

How do you do this? Once you're done reading through all these techniques, scroll back through and pick a few you'd like to try. Then see if you can combine them.

"But wait," I hear you say, "I thought you were not supposed to put a thesis in your personal statement."

Actually, I said don't just repeat or restate your thesis. If you don't state the main point of your essay in your body paragraphs, you might decide to include it at the end.

There are two ways you can do this, and we'll discuss them one by one:

Variation A: The "Put Your Thesis at the End" Approach

Putting your thesis at the beginning can sometimes lead to a personal statement that feels a bit too much like one of those essays in which an author builds an argument and supports it with evidence. And although it could be argued that you're building an "argument" in your personal statement—an argument demonstrating that you'll bring a lot of value to a college campus—this method isn't quite the same. We've found that by explicitly naming their thesis at the start, then supporting it with bits of evidence, some students create a slightly less interesting story simply because the ending often isn't all that surprising.

One way to avoid this is by delaying the thesis 'til the end.

In the "Hiking" essay, for example, the author describes a few positive experiences he's had with Boy Scouts. But he waits until the very end to share an insight that ties all the experiences together. Check out the "Hiking" essay here.

Heads-up: The next thing we're about to share won't really make sense unless you read the "Hiking" essay.

What We Like about This Ending/Why It Works

What's neat about this personal statement is that the author touches on a few different values/sides of himself in the body paragraphs ... but it's not until the final paragraph that he claims these different sides of himself as identities. Check out that final line again: "When I'm hiking, I'm not merely a hiker; I'm a historian, a conservationist, and a teacher all in one" (bold emphasis mine).

This ending works because, earlier in the essay, the author describes (i.e., shows us) these parts of himself through specific examples and details, then he names them (i.e., tells us) explicitly at the end of the essay. Note that if the author instead had decided to open his essay with that line, it kinda' would've spoiled the ending of the movie (or, in this case, essay). The reader might've thought something like, "Okay, cool, guess I don't really need to read the rest—thanks for saving me some time." Ending with this sentence, however, creates a sense of both inevitability (since the final line pulls together the essences of the separate paragraphs, and surprise (because we didn't think to name these different sides of him in quite this way—as identities he claims/roles he plays).

Note: To make this surprising, it was important for the author to not name these identities along the way, instead saving them for the end.

Variation B: The "Put Your Thesis at the End" Approach

Here's an example from a student who chose to put not just one sentence in her conclusion, but her entire intro paragraph:

"My home is a dynamic and eclectic entity. Although I've lived in the same house in Cary, North Carolina for 10 years, I have found and carved homes and communities that are filled with and enriched by tradition, artists, researchers, and intellectuals. While I may not always live within a 5 mile radius of a Bojangle's or in close proximity to Lab 304, learning to become a more perceptive daughter and sister, to share the beauty of my heritage, and to take risks and redefine scientific and personal expectations will continue to impact my sense of home."

• To read the entire "Home" essay, click here.

What We Like about This Ending/Why It Works

Like the author of the "Hiking" essay above, this student does a nice job of pulling together the examples by zooming back to a wider frame of reference (but doing so with specific phrasing and language). Note that the author could have opened her essay with this paragraph, but doing so would have yielded a much more predictable (read: boring) essay.

Instead, she shows images and experiences in the body paragraphs so we get to "watch the movie" of her life before she tells us what they mean to her.

Note: In order to make this work, the author had to make sure the central topic of the essay (in this case, "home") was super clear. She does this by repeating the word "home" at the ends of the first, second, and fourth paragraph, and in the middle of the third paragraph (she chose not to mention the word in the same place each time just to offer some variety). So if you try this one, make sure the topic/theme of your essay is clear.

Quick PSA: College is not just a career conveyor belt (and colleges generally don't see themselves that way). It's a place where you can learn a lot about yourself and the world while, hopefully, meeting some awesome people.

Having said that, describing in your conclusion how your experiences relate to your career can be effective for a couple reasons:

1. It can be similar in effect to The Road Forward—we as readers like imagining the exploration ahead for the writer, and we may even want to help them on their journey.

2. Mentioning a future potential career can also set you up for one of the most common supplemental essays, the "Why us?" essay. If you take this approach, you can even think of your personal statement and the "Why us?" as effectively two parts of the same essay, where Part I (the personal statement) tells the story or stories of how you've arrived at your career path, while Part II (the "Why us?") describes how you'll make use of the specific opportunities at whatever college(s) you're applying to. Some students structure their whole application like this, btw.

Here's a quick example of a student who mentions his career at the end of his personal statement, which explores his long-held love of mazes and games:

"A few years ago I grew tired of working within the constraints of most internet games and I wanted to program my own, so I decided to learn the language of Scratch. With it, I created several computer games, incorporating such unordinary aspects of gameplay as the avoidance of time-travel paradoxes, and the control of "jounce," the fourth derivative of position with respect to time. Eventually, I came to realize that Scratch was too limited to implement some of my ideas, so I learned C#, and my potential expanded exponentially. I continue to study programming knowing that the more I learn, the more tools I have to express my creativity.

To me, studying computer science is the next step of an evolution of boundary breaking that has been underway since my first maze."

• To read the entire "Mazes" essay, click here.

What We Like about This Ending/Why It Works

This conclusion has a few nice elements to it: It functions to bookend the essay (see above); it provides a wider frame/context for the specific details and experiences shared in the body paragraphs; and as mentioned above, it sets the author up for any "Why us?" essay he'll write.

The "Endodontics" essay also ends this way, but where the "Mazes" author added the career connection near the end of his writing process, the "Endodontics" author actually planned his entire essay around the career that he mentions in his conclusion.

Which brings us to our next point: There's a deeper way of writing about your career ...

B. STRATEGIES

(may require big changes, or more planning ahead)

What it is: A conclusion that sets up nicely for a (separate) "Why us?" essay. In some cases, the personal statement is even planned around a specific program that will be discussed in a "Why us?" essay. This can work especially well if, while researching colleges, you found The Perfect Program for you—like one that basically checks all your boxes.

The key to making this strategy work is to write your personal statement in a way that does not simply replicate the content you'll share in your "Why us?" essay. Instead, think of your personal statement as kinda' like sharing your "origin story" (yeah, like in a comic book or Marvel movie).

For an example of an essay that shares a budding activist's origin story, check out the personal statement, "The Instagram Post." The ending reads:

"My role model Ruth Bader Ginsburg says, "dissent[ers] speak to a future age... they are writing not for today but for tomorrow." Retrospectively, I realize that The Post was my voice of dissent--through it, I initiated a campus-wide discussion and openly challenged the majority opinion of my school for the first time. As I aspire to become a civil rights attorney and the first Asian woman on the Supreme Court (I hope it doesn't take that long!), I am confident that I will continue to write and speak out for justice—for tomorrow."

• To read the entire "The Instagram Post" essay, click here.

What We Like about This Ending/Why It Works

If you read the whole personal statement, you may find the ending somewhat surprising (in that you perhaps didn't expect at the start of the essay that the author would eventually say she wanted to become a civil rights attorney) and inevitable (because this path makes sense given the trajectory she has been on since her Instagram post).

But this is really just Part 1 of her journey. The next chapter (i.e., Part 2) is essentially what she maps out in her "Why us?" essay.

You can read her "Why us?" essay for Michigan at this link.

Note how the first line of her "Why us?" essay not only references the end of her personal statement, but also expands on other interests—all of which she'll explore in the Philosophy, Politics, and Economics (PPE) concentration at Michigan.

This works particularly well because she isn't repeating too much from her personal statement; she's expanding on it. Look at this sentence from her "Why us?" essay in particular:

"The interdisciplinary nature of PPE perfectly suits my desire to understand human beings through different lenses. I strongly believe that social and geopolitical issues must be approached in a multidimensional context—complex relationships between individuals and communities demand equally sophisticated analyses."

These sentences help us understand her "why" and connects back to some of the themes and values of her personal statement, but here we get some more elevated language. Later in her "Why us?" essay, she names specific opportunities and classes in the PPE program that will help her achieve the goals she's named.

For another example of this type of ending, check out "The 'Not Black Enough' East-Asian Influenced Bibliophile," which is a bit more open-ended, but still works well. To see that student's "Why us?" essay, click here.

What it is: You link back to the person you were at the beginning of the essay and reflect on how you've changed. This is similar in approach and effect to bookending, but (as you'll see if you read the full essay linked below) it takes a lot more planning ahead (whereas bookending can often be the last thing you think of). This kind of ending will inherently show growth and reflection, two nice qualities to demonstrate in your writing.

Here's the start of an essay that uses this strategy ...

"It was Easter and we should've been celebrating with our family, but my father had locked us in the house. If he wasn't going out, neither were my mother and I."

And here's the ending:

"My Easter will drastically differ from past years. Rather than being locked at home, my mother and I will celebrate outdoors our rebirth and renewal."

• To read the entire "Easter" essay, click here.

What We Like about This Ending/Why It Works

By mirroring some language from the opening, you can achieve the same kind of closure that basic bookending does. But here, there's an added element of growth, development, understanding—we see how the author has more fully stepped into themselves through the course of the narrative. There's also a similar effect to a few of the other approaches we've discussed in that when we see this growth, we cheer for the writer.

What it is: You set up an expectation in the reader through the structure and focus of your essay, then pivot against that expectation in your ending. This is effective for the same reason that movies with (good) twist endings are effective—we enjoy the surprise, the revelation, the way the ending requires us to recalculate all that we've just seen. It also indicates a certain degree of skill and understanding as a writer, since setting up a twist that we don't see coming isn't easy.

Note that this is similar in effect to The Twist opening described here.

Check out the ending of this essay:

"The more I scratch off from my goals list, the more it brings me back to those days handling spatulas. Anew, I ask myself, "Is this how I want to spend the rest of my life?" I want a life driven by my passions, rather than the impositions of labor. I want to explore new paths and grow within my community to eradicate the prejudicial barriers on Latinos. So yes, this IS how I want to spend the rest of my life."

• To read the entire "¡Ya levantate!" essay, click here.

What We Like about This Ending/Why It Works

When the writer ends the first third of his essay with "This was the scene that ignited the question in my head: 'Is this how I want to spend the rest of my life?' The answer was no. So I started...," we're expecting the rest of the essay to explore how their life has led them to an understanding of how they do want to spend the rest of their life. And they do. Sorta :). But the recall at the end and the twist in a new direction offer a satisfying reveal and require a re-evaluation of what has come before.

Note that this example also shares elements with the "Back to the Beginning, but Something's Changed" approach.

What it is: You put the ending of the essay in the reader's hands. You don't resolve it.

Check out the ending to this essay:

"Living in a low-income immigrant household has taught me to appreciate all I've been given. Testifying in court helped me grow as a person, has made me more open-minded and aware of the problems facing my community. And my involvement in the urban farm has led me to consider a career as a nutritionist.

Though neither of my parents attended college, they understand that college is a key factor to a bright future and therefore have been very supportive. And though we don't yet have the house with the small porch and the dog, we're still holding out hope.

I believe college can help."

What We Like about This Ending/Why It Works

This one hits hard each time we read it. Those last lines are powerful, the culmination of a moving story. And the author leaves what happens next in the reader's hands.

This technique is similar to a technique used by Theater of the Oppressed (hence the name), where actors onstage play out a conflict and then, instead of resolving it, pause to seek out input and ideas from the audience members. In the case of the personal statement, the "audience" is the college admission officer and the author says, in effect, "It's up to you to help finish this story."

Note that this kind of ending only works with certain kinds of challenges/circumstances. For another example of this strategy, check out the "Growing Up in Lebanon" essay: "And I look forward to becoming the first man in my family to finish college." We know this is somewhat similar to the example above, but we imagine this strategy could work with other endings—and if you've seen one or written one, feel free to share it with us! We'd love to see it.

What it is: Leave something unanswered, like an ellipsis. What's an ellipsis? It's the dot dot dot at the end of a sentence that looks like this: ...

You'll find one example in the "Dead Bird" essay at this link.

You'll find another example in the "I Shot My Brother" essay at this link.

We're not going to post a super in-depth analysis of these two essays simply because it'll ruin the ending of these two (very good) pieces of writing.

But we do want to say a few things about this type of ending:

1. For this type of ending to work, a) the author must create a sense of suspense so that the reader wonders—and actually cares about—what will happen next, but then stops before revealing what happens next, and b) there must be a limited set of possible paths for the reader to imagine. In other words, it can't be completely open-ended (i.e., "anything is possible").

   • In the "Dead Bird" essay, for example, we sense that either a) she has come to a deeper understanding of the trauma she experienced, or b) she hasn't.

   • In the "I Shot My Brother" essay—and we're going to keep it a little vague here so we don't ruin the ending—we sense that the author's brother is about to reveal a) good news, or b) bad news. We also sense that the author will share with his brother the essay and it will either a) turn out well, or b) turn out poorly.

   • In each of these cases, though, we think we can guess how it's going to go ... and it also doesn't really matter what happens next because already the author has gone through a major change (who they are at the end is very different from where they started).

2. This type of ending is really hard to pull off. We'd recommend you not obsess over using this type of ending at the expense of writing an essay that demonstrates all the skills, qualities, values, and interests that you'll bring with you to college.

3. We're actually not sure that these two essays are necessarily the best personal statement examples because, while the authors do exhibit great sensitivity and writing ability, we're not sure these personal statements show the skills, qualities, values, and interests that the authors will bring with them to college as well as they might.

Check out the "If Ink Were Ants" essay for a personal statement example that we believe does more clearly show great qualities...and ends with an actual ellipsis. Now, you don't have to end yours with an actual dot dot dot, but you'll see how the author does a nice job of setting up where she might go in the future without spelling it out explicitly.

In short, if you use this method, we'd recommend making your ending somewhat but not completely open-ended.

Two (Relatively) Quick Techniques to Help Your Ending Stand Out

No matter what approach you take as you're working on your conclusion, here are two little tricks you can apply to potentially strengthen your writing:

1. Shift the scope (as in focus, not phrasing)

Go read a few of the sample essays above. Notice that if someone were to cover up the blank space after the essay ends, and you read through the essay without knowing whether that were the end, you'd still sense that that final piece is the conclusion. You might know this because you know, consciously or subconsciously (but now definitely consciously), that the language in a conclusion shifts in scope, differing from the language in the body in that it tends to pull back the lens a bit and works to put what we've read so far into a wider frame, one that offers reflection and understanding. Remember: A great ending answers "so what," often in a way that is both surprising and inevitable.

2. Change the rhythm

Along similar lines, notice that the cadence of the final lines of a good essay often gives a sense of finality—in "The Little Porch and a Dog" essay, for example, there's a poetry to the rhythm of the final sentence, and of how it follows the previous sentences. Same with the "Dead Bird" and "I Shot My Brother" essays.

These are both qualities that take time to develop in your writing, but once you're aware of them, that's generally all it takes—time.

See what we did there ... ?

A Final Word on Endings

Having said all this ... do you have to write an awesome ending to get into a great college? Not necessarily. Great students get into great schools with personal statement endings that are just so-so. The "Arab Spring in Bahrain" essay ending, for example, is arguably just okay, and that student still got into a Very Famous School That You Have Heard of. (We don't like to name schools, as it can lead to copycatting.)

But a great ending can leave a great last impression, as you'll see in the examples above.

So pick one and get crackin'!