If you've ever dreamed of pursuing a career in medicine, chances are you've come across the term "MCAT.”
What is the MCAT, and why is it so important?
The MCAT, short for the Medical College Admission Test, is a standardized exam administered by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC). It serves as a crucial component of the application process for medical schools across the United States and Canada.
For many, the MCAT embodies a mix of excitement and anxiety as it represents a pivotal moment that can make or break dreams of attending medical school. This is why it's essential to understand the significance of the MCAT and its impact on your journey to becoming a doctor.
In this comprehensive guide, we'll provide you with all the essential information you need to know, including:
The importance of the MCAT for medical school admissions
What topics are covered in each of the MCAT sections
How long it takes to complete the exam
How the MCAT is scored
How some students get into med school without taking the MCAT
How to decide when to take the exam
How much it costs to take the MCAT
How to register for the MCAT
Let's begin!
How important is the MCAT?
The MCAT won't be the only thing med schools look at when evaluating your application, but it is an important component that holds fairly significant weight in the evaluation process, since MCAT scores are generally viewed as correlating well with a student’s ability to successfully complete medical school. Here's how it can impact your medical school aspirations.
A key admissions factor
The MCAT provides med school admissions committees with an objective measure of your readiness and aptitude for medical school. It helps them assess not only your scientific knowledge but also your critical thinking skills, problem-solving abilities, and your potential for success in rigorous med school programs.
Standardized comparison
The MCAT provides a standardized metric for comparing applicants from different educational backgrounds. It helps level the playing field and allows admissions committees to evaluate candidates on a more equal basis.
Competitive edge
A strong MCAT score demonstrates your dedication to academic excellence and ability to perform well under pressure. As such, it can help your application stand out and increase your chances of receiving interview invitations from top-tier medical schools.
Scholarship opportunities
Some medical schools offer scholarships or financial aid packages based, in part, on MCAT scores. Achieving a competitive score can open doors to potential scholarships or other financial support, relieving the burden of medical school tuition.
What is on the MCAT?
The MCAT has four major sections: Critical Analysis and Reasoning skills; Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems; Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems; and Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior. While it's essential to have a solid background in subjects like biology, general chemistry, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and physics, the MCAT doesn't test specific medical knowledge.
Instead, the MCAT focuses on assessing your critical thinking, problem-solving abilities, and application of scientific concepts. It challenges you to think analytically, evaluate information, and draw connections between different areas of knowledge.
Here's an overview of the MCAT sections, followed by some detail on each section:
| Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems |
|
| Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems |
|
| Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior |
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| Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills |
|
Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems
The Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems section of the MCAT is designed to evaluate your understanding of chemical and physical principles as they apply to biological systems. This section covers a wide range of topics, including chemical reactions, molecular structures, forces, energy, and their relevance to biological processes.
In this section, you can expect a variety of question types that assess both your knowledge and your ability to apply scientific principles to biological systems. For example, passage-based questions will require you to analyze scientific passages that explore the relationship between chemical and physical principles and biological phenomena.
When preparing for this section, it is beneficial to review the foundational concepts from your undergraduate chemistry and physics classes. Topics such as general chemistry, organic chemistry, and physics will be relevant to the content covered in this section.
See examples of Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems questions.
How long is the Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems section of the MCAT?
This MCAT section is 95 minutes long. Within this timeframe, you'll need to answer 59 questions.
Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills
The Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills section of the MCAT evaluates your ability to comprehend and analyze complex passages from a diverse range of disciplines. Specifically, this section assesses your ability to understand complex ideas, draw connections between different concepts, and think critically about the information presented.
You'll encounter passage-based questions from various fields, including humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. The passages may cover topics such as literature, philosophy, sociology, anthropology, and more.
While there are no specific subject areas to review for this section, developing strong reading comprehension skills and the ability to critically analyze written material will be beneficial. It's essential to practice reading and analyzing passages from different disciplines, identifying main ideas, understanding the author's tone and purpose, and evaluating arguments presented in the text.
See examples of Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills questions.
How long is the Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills section of the MCAT?
This MCAT section lasts 90 minutes. During this time, you'll encounter 53 questions.
Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems
The Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems section assesses your understanding of fundamental concepts in biology, genetics, molecular biology, and biochemistry. Specifically, this section explores topics such as cell structure and function, metabolism, genetics, biological systems, and the interrelationships between living organisms and their environments.
You can expect to encounter questions that require you to apply scientific principles to understand and solve problems in the context of biological systems. This includes analyzing experimental data, interpreting graphs and diagrams, and making connections between different biological concepts.
To excel in this section, you’ll need a strong grasp of the core principles of biology and biochemistry. Reviewing undergraduate pre-med coursework in biology, genetics, and biochemistry can help reinforce your knowledge and prepare you for the types of questions you may encounter.
See examples of Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems questions.
How long is the Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems section of the MCAT?
This MCAT section lasts 95 minutes. During that time, you'll need to answer 59 questions.
Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior
The Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior section explores the intersection between biology, psychology, and sociology in understanding human behavior and society. This section covers a wide range of topics, including perception, cognition, social interactions, cultural and social influences on behavior, mental health, and the interplay of these factors with biological processes.
You’ll encounter questions that evaluate your knowledge of psychological and sociological theories and your ability to apply them to real-world scenarios. You may be asked to analyze case studies, interpret experimental findings, or identify the influence of social and cultural factors on behavior.
You’ll need a solid understanding of psychological and sociological theories and concepts to perform well in this section of the MCAT. Reviewing materials from undergraduate courses in psychology and sociology can help you refresh your knowledge and prepare for the types of questions you may encounter.
See examples of Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior questions.
How long is the Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior section of the MCAT?
This MCAT section is 95 minutes long. It includes 59 questions.
How long is the MCAT?
The total duration of the MCAT, including all four sections and the optional breaks, is approximately 7 hours and 30 minutes.
Here's a full breakdown of how long it takes to complete the MCAT.
| Test day certification | 5 minutes |
| Tutorial to familiarize you with the exam interface | 10 minutes |
| Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems | 95 minutes |
| Optional Break | 10 minutes |
| Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills | 90 minutes |
| Optional Lunch Break | 30 minutes |
| Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems | 95 minutes |
| Optional Break | 10 minutes |
| Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior | 95 minutes |
| Optional void question to opt out of having your MCAT score reported | 3 minutes |
| Optional feedback survey | 5 minutes |
How is the MCAT scored?
The MCAT is scored on a scale ranging from 472 to 528, with each section scored individually between 118 and 132. Your total MCAT score is the sum of the four section scores.
How each MCAT section gets scored
Each section of the MCAT is scored based on the number of questions answered correctly. There is no penalty for incorrect answers, so it's always worth making an educated guess if you're unsure.
The raw scores for each section are then converted to scaled scores using a statistical process called equating. This process adjusts for any variations in difficulty across different test versions to ensure fairness in scoring.
Do all medical schools require the MCAT?
The MCAT is a widely recognized and commonly required component of the medical school application process in the United States and Canada. However, some medical schools offer early admission programs to undergraduate students, allowing them to secure a spot in medical school without needing to take the MCAT. (If you’re still in high school and are applying to BS/MD programs, check out that guide.)
These programs are typically highly competitive and have specific criteria, such as a strong academic record, completion of specific prerequisites, and involvement in healthcare-related activities.
Examples of med school programs that don't require the MCAT exam
When should I take the MCAT?
It’s generally recommended that you take the MCAT for the final time between January and April or early May during the year you’re applying to med school—as in, if you’re hoping to enroll in a medical school in the summer/fall of 2026, take the MCAT Jan through April of 2025. If you’re still in undergrad and hoping to attend med school the summer/fall following graduation, you’ll want to take the MCAT by May of your junior year.
You can register to take the MCAT throughout the year, starting in January and then from March through September. In 2023, there are 30 MCAT test dates to choose from.
How do you choose the best time to take the exam? Here are some considerations to keep in mind.
Academic preparation
It's essential to ensure you have completed the necessary coursework and have a solid foundation in biology, chemistry, physics, and psychology before taking the exam. Again, college students hoping to start med school immediately after graduating tend to take the MCAT during their junior year.
However, some college graduates take a gap year or more to gain additional experience, conduct research, or participate in medical-related activities before applying to medical school. If you fall into this category, consider how much time you might need to review and refresh the required knowledge for the MCAT.
Study time
Before deciding on a test date, taking practice exams is highly recommended. Practice tests can give you a sense of your current level of readiness and help identify areas that may need more improvement. Taking practice exams under timed conditions can also simulate the actual testing environment, allowing you to gauge how you'll perform on test day.
Based on your practice exam scores, you can determine if you need more time for test prep or if you're on track to take the MCAT within your desired timeframe. Many test takers allocate 2-4 months of dedicated preparation. However, this timeline can vary depending on your familiarity with the content and study habits.
Application timeline
Consider the application timeline and deadlines of the medical schools you plan to apply to. Taking the MCAT early can allow you to receive and review your scores in time to submit your applications during the early or regular admissions cycles.
Most medical schools have application deadlines in the fall or early winter, with interviews typically conducted between September and March. Taking the MCAT early in the year, such as in the spring, can give you ample time to receive your scores, evaluate your performance, and make any necessary adjustments to your application strategy.
Retake possibilities
While aiming for your best performance on the initial attempt is ideal, it's essential to consider the possibility of retaking the MCAT. Some test takers may take the exam early as a practice run to familiarize themselves with the format and content.
However, according to the AAMC's retake policies, you cannot take the MCAT more than three times in one calendar year and four times across two calendar years. You can only take the exam up to seven times in your lifetime.
It's also important to note that med schools will receive all your MCAT scores. So, it's crucial to be strategic and thoughtful when deciding whether to retake the MCAT.
Personal readiness
Aside from academic preparedness, assessing your personal readiness for the MCAT is crucial. Are you emotionally and mentally prepared to tackle the challenges of the exam?
Taking the MCAT requires focus, determination, and perseverance. Be honest with yourself about whether you feel ready to commit to the preparation and the exam itself.
How much does it cost to take the MCAT?
Here's a breakdown of all the fees associated with taking the MCAT. (It’s not a cheap test.)
| Registration Fees | ||
|---|---|---|
| Standard Registration |
$330 |
|
| Fee Assistance Program Registration |
$135 |
|
| International Fee for Test Takers Outside of the US, Canada, or US Territories |
$120 |
|
| Rescheduling and Cancellation Fees | ||
|---|---|---|
| Standard Change Fees | Date and/or Test Center Reschedule Fee | Cancellation Refund |
| 60 or more days before exam | $50 | $165 |
| 30-59 days before exam | $100 | $165 |
| 10-29 days before exam | $200 |
$0 |
| Fee Assistance Program Change Fees | Date and/or Test Center Reschedule Fee | Cancellation Refund |
| 60 or more days before exam |
$20 | $70 |
| 30-59 days before exam | $40 | $70 |
| 10-29 days before exam | $80 | $0 |
What is the Fee Assistance Program?
The MCAT Fee Assistance Program is a financial assistance program offered by the Association of American Medical Colleges. It supports eligible individuals who may face financial barriers in registering and preparing for the MCAT exam.
To be eligible for the program, you must meet certain criteria based on your income level and financial need. The program takes into account factors such as family size, income, and the number of individuals supported by that income.
How to Register for the MCAT
Registering for the MCAT is a straightforward process that can be completed online. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to register for the MCAT.
Step 1 - Create an AAMC account
Start by creating an account on the AAMC website. This account will be your portal for all MCAT-related activities, including registration, score reporting, and accessing important resources.
Step 2 - Check the available test dates
View the available test dates and locations. Then, consider factors such as your preferred testing window, personal commitments, and the application timeline of the medical schools you plan to apply to.
Keep in mind that MCAT test dates and locations may fill up quickly, so it's advisable to register well in advance to secure your preferred choice.
Step 3 - Complete the registration form
Fill out the registration form with accurate and up-to-date personal information. The form will include sections for personal details, educational background, and any necessary accommodations or special considerations.
Step 4 - Review and confirm
Before submitting your MCAT test registration, carefully review all the information you have entered to ensure its accuracy. Confirm your test date, testing center, and personal information. Pay close attention to the spelling of your name, as it must match your identification documents precisely.
Step 5 - Make payment
Proceed to the payment section and submit the necessary fees using a valid credit or debit card. As mentioned earlier, the current MCAT registration fee is $330. Be mindful of any additional fees that may apply if you choose to reschedule your test date.
Step 6 - Receive confirmation
Once your registration is successfully submitted and payment is processed, you will receive a confirmation email with important details regarding your test date, location, and additional instructions. Keep this confirmation email for future reference.
MCAT Final thoughts
The MCAT is an exam, but it's also a significant symbolic milestone on your journey to becoming a medical doctor. It may feel challenging and demanding, but with dedication, perseverance, and thorough preparation, you can conquer the MCAT and move closer to your goal of attending medical school.
Also, it’s important to remember that the MCAT is just one piece of the puzzle. Medical schools also consider other factors such as your academic performance, extracurricular activities, personal statement, and letters of recommendation.
Best of luck as you take the next steps in your med school journey!
Ameer is a freelance writer who specializes in writing about college admissions and career development. Prior to freelancing, Ameer worked for three years as a college admissions consultant at a Hong Kong-based education center, helping local high school students prepare and apply for top colleges and universities in the US. He has a B.A. in Latin American Studies from the University of Chicago and an M.A. in Spanish Linguistics from UCLA. When he’s not working, Ameer loves traveling, weight lifting, writing, reading, and learning foreign languages. He currently lives in Bangkok, Thailand.
Top values: Growth / Diversity / Empathy
