If you’re considering STEM majors, we’d guess it’s one (Or maybe all? And more?) of the following reasons:
You have a passion for science, technology, engineering, or mathematics.
You're intrigued by the prospect of contributing to groundbreaking discoveries and innovations that shape the future.
You're attracted to the numerous career opportunities and high earning potential for college graduates in STEM fields.
Still, choosing your college major requires careful consideration.
According to a 2023 report, 30% of graduating college seniors expressed regret about their college major choice.
So, how do you know if a STEM major is right for you? This guide will help you decide.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(click to skip ahead)What is a STEM major?
A STEM major is an undergraduate college degree program that provides students with comprehensive knowledge of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. STEM majors are interdisciplinary by design—students must develop a broad understanding of how STEM disciplines intersect and collaborate to address complex real-world challenges.
What is it like to be a STEM major in college?
Most college students in STEM majors will tell you that the workload can be intense, demanding long study hours, problem-solving, and hands-on projects.
So, if you’re not already deeply curious about or interested in STEM fields, staying motivated and engaged in your coursework may be challenging. (For example, we once knew a student, Peter, who really loved graphic design but was going to major in biology because his parents wanted him to become a doctor—he had a really, really hard time.)
And even if you do love STEM, it’s worth considering whether pursuing a STEM major aligns with your long-term goals and aspirations.
Should you major in STEM?
Majoring in STEM can lead to lucrative career opportunities, job stability, and contributions to scientific advancements.
BUT… it can also pose challenges in terms of academic rigor, intensive coursework, and the demand for continuous learning and adaptation in rapidly evolving fields.
Ask yourself these five questions to help determine whether you should major in STEM.
1. Do you have a genuine interest in STEM subjects?
Your passion for the field will drive your motivation and engagement throughout your undergraduate education. Without genuine interest, the demands of STEM coursework may become overwhelming (like it was for Peter).
2. Are you comfortable with problem-solving and analytical thinking?
STEM disciplines often require critical thinking skills to analyze complex problems and develop innovative solutions. Assess your aptitude for analytical thinking to gauge your suitability for STEM majors. (To explore, you can check out some of the questionnaires on UPenn’s website, especially the Brief Strengths Test, Grit Survey, and VIA Survey of Character Strengths.)
3. Are you prepared for the academic rigor and workload?
STEM majors typically involve rigorous coursework, hands-on assignments, and research projects. Consider your academic strengths and readiness to meet the demands of intensive STEM studies.
4. Do you enjoy collaborating with others and working in interdisciplinary settings?
STEM fields often require collaboration across disciplines to tackle complex challenges. Evaluate your ability to work in diverse teams and adapt to interdisciplinary approaches in problem-solving.
5. Are you open to embracing continuous learning and staying updated with evolving technologies?
STEM fields are dynamic and constantly evolving—fields 15 years from now may look vastly different than they do today. Assess your willingness to engage in lifelong learning, adapt to new technologies, and stay on top of emerging trends and innovations.
Reflecting on these questions can provide valuable insights into whether pursuing a STEM major aligns with your interests, strengths, and career aspirations.
STEM majors list
So, does a STEM major fit your academic and career goals? That’s great! Next, you’ll need to decide which STEM majors in particular might best fit your aspirations and strengths.
Here’s some quick info on popular STEM majors, including links to complete descriptions of a college or university's major and undergraduate program.
Science Majors
Astronomy and Astrophysics
As an Astronomy and Astrophysics major, you explore stars and galaxies, studying their properties, evolution, and interactions within the universe.
Example undergraduate program from UF.
Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology majors focus on understanding weather patterns, climate change, and atmospheric phenomena.
Example undergraduate program from PSU.
Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology
In this major, you investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying life processes, exploring the structure, function, and interactions of biological molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids.
Example undergraduate program from Whitman.
Biology
As a Biology major, you study living organisms, from microorganisms to plants and animals, focusing on their structure, function, evolution, and environmental interactions.
Example undergraduate program from UNC.
Biopsychology
Biopsychology is the study of the biological basis of behavior and mental processes. It investigates topics such as brain anatomy, neurotransmitters, and cognitive functions.
Example undergraduate program from UCSB.
Botany/Plant Biology
Botany or Plant Biology is the study of plants’ structure, physiology, ecology, diversity, and roles in ecosystems and human society.
Example undergraduate program from UGA.
Chemistry
Chemistry majors study the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter, from the atomic scale to complex molecules and materials, in natural and synthetic systems.
Example undergraduate program from MIT.
Food Science and Technology
As a Food Science and Technology major, you focus on the science behind food production, processing, preservation, and safety. You explore topics such as food chemistry, microbiology, nutrition, and food engineering.
Example undergraduate program from TAMU.
Geological and Earth Sciences
Geological and Earth Sciences are the study of the Earth's structure, processes, and history. You learn about rocks, minerals, fossils, plate tectonics, and natural hazards.
Example undergraduate program from Columbia.
Marine Sciences
As a Marine Sciences major, you’d focus on studying the ocean and its inhabitants, investigating marine biology, oceanography, marine ecology, and coastal processes.
Example undergraduate program from UConn.
Pharmacology and Toxicology
Pharmacology and Toxicology majors study drugs and toxins, exploring their effects on the body, mechanisms of action, drug development, and toxicological risks and assessments.
Example undergraduate program from Wisconsin-Madison.
Physics
Physics is the study of the fundamental principles governing the universe. As a Physics major, you’d study topics such as mechanics, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, relativity, and astrophysics.
Example undergraduate program UC Berkeley.
Zoology/Animal Biology
Zoology and Animal Biology majors study the anatomy, physiology, ecology, evolution, and conservation of diverse animal species.
Example undergraduate program from Colorado State.
Technology Majors
Computer Science
Computer Science majors learn about algorithms, data structures, programming languages, software development, and computer systems. A degree in Computer Science prepares you for in-demand careers in software engineering and tech.
Example undergraduate program from Northwestern.
Computer Programming
Computer Programming focuses on mastering programming languages, software development methodologies, and problem-solving techniques to create efficient and innovative software solutions.
Example undergraduate program from Cincinnati State.
Cybersecurity
By majoring in Cybersecurity, you’d learn techniques to protect computer systems, networks, and data from cyber threats, including cryptography, network security, ethical hacking, and incident response strategies.
Example undergraduate program from USF.
Data Science
As a Data Science major, you’d learn about statistical analysis, machine learning, data visualization, and big data technologies. The degree would prepare you to extract insights and make data-driven decisions for companies.
Example undergraduate program from UMichigan.
Information Science
Choosing to major in Information Science means you'd study the organization, retrieval, and analysis of information, including databases, information systems, human-computer interaction, and information ethics.
Example undergraduate program from UNT.
Software Engineering
Software Engineering majors study the principles, methodologies, and best practices for designing, developing, testing, and maintaining software applications and systems.
Example undergraduate program from UCI.
Engineering majors
Aerospace, Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering
In this major, you'd learn how to design and analyze aircraft, spacecraft, and related systems. You’d also learn about aerodynamics, propulsion, structures, and space exploration technologies.
Example undergraduate program from UWashington.
Agricultural Engineering
Being an Agricultural Engineering major means you'd study how to design and improve agricultural machinery, irrigation systems, and farm structures. You’d also learn how to apply engineering principles to enhance food production and sustainability.
Example undergraduate program from Nebraska-Lincoln.
Architectural Engineering
Architectural Engineering is about integrating engineering principles with architecture, designing and constructing structurally sound, energy-efficient, and environmentally sustainable buildings.
Example undergraduate program from CalPoly.
Biomedical Engineering
If you choose to major in Biomedical Engineering, you'll apply engineering principles to develop medical devices, prosthetics, and tissue engineering solutions. Biomedical engineers work to improve healthcare outcomes and quality of life for people who rely on medical devices.
Example undergraduate program from Brown.
Chemical Engineering
As a Chemical Engineering major, you’d study chemical processes and reactions, designing and optimizing production processes for chemicals, fuels, pharmaceuticals, and materials.
Example undergraduate program from UIUC.
Civil Engineering
A major in Civil Engineering teaches you how to design and construct community infrastructure projects such as buildings, bridges, roads, and water supply systems.
Example undergraduate program from UMass-Lowell.
Computer Engineering
As a Computer Engineering major, you’d learn about hardware and software design, integrating computer systems with electronic devices and networks to develop innovative computing solutions.
Example undergraduate program from BU.
Electrical Engineering
Electrical Engineering majors study electrical circuits, electronics, and telecommunications systems. You learn to design and optimize devices and networks for communication and information processing.
Example undergraduate program from Marquette.
Environmental Engineering
By studying Environmental Engineering, you’d learn how to address environmental challenges such as pollution, resource depletion, and climate change. Specifically, you’d know how to design solutions to protect and restore the natural environment.
Example undergraduate program from Cornell.
Geological/Geophysical Engineering
Geological and Geophysical Engineering majors learn to apply engineering principles to study the Earth's structure and processes, exploring mineral resources, geological hazards, and environmental impacts.
Example undergraduate program from Utah.
Industrial Engineering
As an Industrial Engineering major, you’d learn how to apply engineering and management principles to improve efficiency, productivity, and quality in various industries.
Example undergraduate program from UIUC.
Manufacturing Engineering
Manufacturing Engineering majors learn how to design and optimize manufacturing processes, machinery, and systems to produce goods efficiently and cost-effectively.
Example undergraduate program from OSU.
Materials Engineering
As a Material Engineering major, you’d study the properties, structure, and behavior of materials. You’d also learn how to develop new materials with specific properties for various applications in engineering and technology.
Example undergraduate program from UCLA.
Mechanical Engineering
By studying Mechanical Engineering, you'd learn about the design, analysis, and manufacturing of mechanical systems and components, including machines, engines, and energy systems.
Example undergraduate program from NYU.
Nuclear Engineering
Nuclear Engineering majors study nuclear reactions, radiation, and nuclear technologies, including power generation, medical applications, and nuclear waste management.
Example undergraduate program from UF.
Petroleum Engineering
Petroleum Engineering majors study the exploration, production, and refining of oil and gas resources, as well as reservoir engineering, drilling techniques, and petroleum geology.
Example undergraduate program from LSU.
Mathematics and Statistics Majors
Applied Mathematics
In an Applied Mathematics program, you would learn to apply mathematical principles and techniques to real-world problems in fields such as physics, engineering, economics, and computer science.
Example undergraduate program from Harvard.
Mathematics
Mathematics majors study mathematical concepts, theories, and methods. They study calculus, algebra, geometry, and mathematical proofs to develop analytical and problem-solving skills.
Example undergraduate program from Duke.
Mathematics and Computer Science
This major combines mathematical reasoning with computer programming skills. You’d study algorithms, data structures, and computational methods to solve mathematical and computational problems.
Example undergraduate program from Yale.
Statistics
As a Statistics major, you’d learn about statistical theory and methods, exploring techniques for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data to make informed decisions and predictions in various fields.
Skills needed for STEM majors
You may think majoring in STEM is just about acquiring hard, technical skills (e.g., computer programming, mechanical engineering).
But the truth is that soft skills are equally essential to succeed in STEM. Why? Soft skills complement technical expertise.
Soft skills are also becoming increasingly important in modern workplaces, given the rise of automation and artificial intelligence technologies and remote work.
Which soft skills do STEM students and professionals need to succeed?
Critical Thinking. The ability to analyze information, evaluate evidence, and make reasoned decisions is crucial in STEM fields where problem-solving is central to success.
Communication. Effective communication skills are essential for conveying complex ideas, collaborating with peers, and presenting findings to diverse audiences.
Creativity. STEM fields require innovative thinking to develop novel solutions to challenges, whether designing experiments, engineering solutions, or developing new technologies.
Collaboration. Effective teamwork is vital in STEM disciplines to facilitate the exchange of diverse perspectives and expertise.
Adaptability. Given the rapid pace of technological advancements and scientific discoveries, STEM professionals must be comfortable embracing change and learning new skills.
Problem-solving. STEM majors encounter complex problems requiring systematic approaches, logical reasoning, and persistence to identify solutions and overcome obstacles.
Attention to Detail. Precision and accuracy are paramount in STEM disciplines, where minor errors can have significant consequences.
Resilience. STEM fields often involve setbacks and failures, requiring resilience to persevere, learn from mistakes, and maintain motivation in facing challenges.
Career paths in STEM
According to recent projections, employment opportunities in STEM will increase by 8% between 2019 and 2029.
The National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) also recently reported that the median wage and salary for STEM workers with a bachelor’s degree or higher is $81,955.
According to data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, here are five of the most popular and lucrative career paths in STEM.
1. Aerospace Engineer
Median Annual Salary: $126,880
2022-32 Job Growth Projection: 6% (Faster than average)
2. Software Developer
Median Annual Salary: $124,200
2022-32 Job Growth Projection: 25% (Much faster than average)
3. Electrical Engineer
Median Annual Salary: $104,610
2022-32 Job Growth Projection: 5% (Faster than average)
4. Data Scientist
Median Annual Salary: $103,500
2022-32 Job Growth Projection: 35% (Much faster than average)
5. Biomedical Engineer
Median Annual Salary: $99,550
2022-32 Job Growth Projection: 5% (Faster than average)
Want to learn more about these career paths in STEM? Check out this resource: What is STEM?
In that guide, we also discuss the philosophy behind STEM education and share information on several additional STEM career fields.
FAQ regarding STEM majors
Still trying to figure out if a STEM major is for you? Let’s clear any remaining doubts with these answers to frequently asked questions for STEM majors.
How does major affect possible earnings?
Some college majors can make it easier to enter an in-demand career path and earn a higher starting salary. Majoring in STEM often leads to higher salaries. According to recent data, STEM professionals' median wage and salary was $24,000 more per year than non-STEM professionals.
Is it harder to get into college as a STEM major?
Potentially yes, getting into college as a STEM major can be harder. STEM programs often have higher admission standards due to the rigorous coursework and demand for these majors.
College admissions officers may also limit the number of acceptances for students who declare a STEM major to ensure the incoming class remains well-rounded and diverse. For example, MIT gets a huge number of Computer Science applicants—a friend of ours in MIT admissions was only somewhat joking when he said it seemed like 75% of applicants were CS hopefuls.
You can check out this guide for more on what colleges look for in students.
What is the most popular STEM major?
There isn’t any official data to definitively determine the most popular STEM major.
However, Computer Science and Engineering majors are highly popular among college students (see above note re: MIT and CS applicants). That popularity is partially due to many employers seeking fresh graduates with degrees in these majors.
Are STEM majors “better?”
Depends what you mean by “better.” Indeed, STEM graduates often enjoy higher earning potential and job prospects. However, choosing a college major that aligns with your interests and strengths is essential.
Success and satisfaction in your career depend on pursuing a path that resonates with you, whether in STEM or another field. For more, here’s a guide to ways your major may or may not matter in the ways that you think.
Are STEM majors harder?
Yes, STEM coursework requires a lot of time and effort. However, the difficulty of STEM majors is subjective and varies from person to person.
Students who excel in analytical thinking and enjoy hands-on experimentation may find STEM majors stimulating and rewarding.
On the other hand, students with strengths in creative expression or language may perceive STEM subjects as more challenging.
Final thoughts on STEM majors
Pursuing a STEM major can be a wise decision if your primary goal is to secure an in-demand job with high earning potential after graduation. But it’s not the only path to success and fulfillment.
We recommend only majoring in a STEM field if you have a genuine interest and are willing to invest the effort required to excel.
What’s the best way to explore other majors that align with your passions and strengths? Check out this in-depth guide: How to choose a major.
Special thaks to Ameer Drane for writing this blog post
Ameer is a freelance writer who specializes in writing about college admissions and career development. Prior to freelancing, Ameer worked for three years as a college admissions consultant at a Hong Kong-based education center, helping local high school students prepare and apply for top colleges and universities in the US. He has a B.A. in Latin American Studies from the University of Chicago and an M.A. in Spanish Linguistics from UCLA. When he’s not working, Ameer loves traveling, weight lifting, writing, reading, and learning foreign languages. He currently lives in Bangkok, Thailand.
Top values: Growth / Diversity / Empathy
